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Tourette syndrome

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General

Tourette syndrome is a neuro‑psychiatric hereditary disorder manifested by stereotypical motor or vocal tics. In general, this disease is caused by a congenital impairment of the basal ganglia, that is, the brain nuclei present in both hemispheres. On average, 50 out of 100,000 people suffer from Tourette syndrome.

This disorder affects men to a much greater extent (3–4 times more). The syndrome occurs in all countries of the world. Many patients with this condition show unusual talents for creative activities (for example, the most famous storyteller of all time, the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen, or the most significant representative of French naturalism, Émile Zola).

Treatment

This chronic disease is incurable. It is possible to focus on reducing unpleasant tics and on preventing stressful situations that may worsen them. Psychotherapy or general psychological support is possible. Good results have been observed with treatment using marijuana (or with the administration of synthetic THC). In extreme cases, botulinum toxin injections into the muscles may be administered in adults.

  • najprv relatívne nenápadná prítomnosť typických prejavov - plazivý začiatok okolo 5-10 rokov
  • neskôr, najmä v puberte, zhoršenie celkového stavu
  • v dospelosti sa zdravotný stav a intenzita tikov celkovo opäť zlepšuje
  • motorické tiky (žmurkanie, trhanie, zášklby, mávanie hornými končatinami, atď.)
  • vokálne tiky (mrnčanie, chrochtanie, pokašliavanie, vykrikovanie vulgárnych výrazov - na verejnosti, na ulici, atď.)
  • tiky sa zintenzívňujú pri stresových situáciach
  • postihnutí popisujú tik ako niečo, čo urobia impulzívne, nevedia to zastaviť, aj napriek tomu, že ich to otravuje, hanbia sa za to, ne to spoločensky neprijateľné
  • častokrát sú nepochopení od okolia, ktorí ich nepoznajú, nepoznajú ich diagnózu a musia čeliť opakovaným otázkam, poučeniam, nech to nerobia
  • počas detstva sa môžu cítiť vyčlenení z kolektívu, častokrát zažívajú šikanovanie

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