General
Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest) is the second most common chest wall deformity after pectus excavatum. It is a genetically influenced condition characterized by a forward protrusion of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. The deformity usually becomes apparent at birth. In addition to congenital causes, pectus carinatum can also develop as a consequence of rickets due to vitamin D deficiency.
Treatment:
Mild forms are managed conservatively with intensive rehabilitation exercises (postural correction exercises, swimming, etc.). Respiratory physiotherapy is sometimes recommended. Severe cases are treated surgically. Psychological support may also be required.
- Prominent sternum protruding outward (chest bone projecting forward)
- Deformity may be symmetrical or asymmetrical around the longitudinal axis
- Flattened chest laterally
- Increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest
- Patients often have an asthenic body habitus (slender build with reduced subcutaneous fat)
- Typical poor posture
- Weak abdominal wall
- Thoracic scoliosis
- Flattened lumbar lordosis
- Sensation of pressure or pulling pain in the area of sternal prominence
- Sometimes restricted breathing
- Recurrent respiratory infections
- Possible reduced physical performance
- Feelings of inferiority
- Sometimes depression
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