General
Color blindness (daltonism) is a disorder of color vision of the human eye. Its professional name is derived from the English natural scientist John Dalton, who himself suffered from this condition and scientifically described it. The inheritance is X‑linked, which means that if a woman is a carrier, there is a 50% chance that her sons will be affected. If a man is color‑blind, his sons have a 50% chance of being color‑blind, while his daughters will be unaffected.
Color blindness has several types depending on which color perception is impaired. Rarely, complete color blindness occurs (black‑and‑white vision). The most common form is the inability to distinguish red and green, while impaired perception of yellow and blue is less common.
Color blindness can be detected using special diagnostic charts.
- most commonly, inability to distinguish red and green
- less commonly, inability to distinguish yellow and blue
- rarely, inability to distinguish all colors
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